台灣地區警察機關刑事偵防工作生產力發展評估模式：
麥式指數之應用
A Model for Productivity Assessment of Criminal Investigation and Crime
Prevention in Taiwan Police Departments:
A Malmquist Output Index Approach
邢台平
中央警察大學電算中心
大崗村樹人路56號
桃園縣龜山鄉
黃政治
警政署人事室
台北市忠孝東路一段7號
曾國雄
國家講座教授、國立交通大學管理學院科技管理研究所
新竹市大學路1001號
ghtzeng@cc.nctu.edu.tw
摘要
警察機關過去刑事偵防績效評估之方式有所偏頗，導致目前警察機關刑事偵防工作，重偵查而輕預防；故本研究之目的即在建立一套兼顧偵查面及預防面的刑事偵防評估模式以改善現行制度的偏頗。由於資料包絡分析法可進行多重投入及產出之相對績效評估，故本研究以此方法來建構兼顧偵查面及預防面產出的刑事偵防評估模式，並配合麥氏指數來分析各警察局的相對效率及跨期生產力變動。為證明本模式之實用性及有效性，本研究以84、85及86三個年度台灣地區二十三縣市警察局作為研究對象，分析各單位各年度的績效狀況及生產力變動情況。分析結果發現本模式不僅可使各單位瞭解每個年度在所有被評估單位中是否其為有績效的單位，也可瞭解是否自己單位在跨期比較上生產力有無進步。
關鍵詞：刑事偵防、績效評估、資料包絡分析、麥式指數
ABSTRACT
For years, police organizations used to
evaluate their performance efficiency in favor of criminal investigation against
crime prevention. This misleads to the emphasis on criminal investigation rather
than on crime prevention in their activities. Therefore, this paper aims at
building a model of assessing efficiency in order to balance both of them. We
use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical programming
approach widely used to assess relative efficiency within a group of Decision
Making Units (DMUs), to evaluate the efficiency of criminal investigation and
crime prevention among 23 county (or city) police departments in Taiwan from
1995 to 1997. Several points are emphasized in this study. Firstly, we show how
to assess efficiency with DEA. Secondly, we use Malmquist Index to measure
effectiveness change in a time span of two years from 1995 to 1997. Finally, we
discuss whether DEA is adequate for assessing efficiency of criminal
investigation and crime prevention of police departments in Taiwan. We also
examine whether the DEA approach could solve efficiency assessment problems
based on historic data. We conclude that this model is not only useful in
distinguishing the performance efficiency of the units considered, but also
adequate in showing the difference of the units in effectiveness change.
KEYWORDS: Criminal investigation, Crime prevention,
Efficiency Assessment, Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA, Malmquist Index